The JavaScript Set object is used to store the elements with unique values. It executes the specified function once for each value. A value in the Set may only occur once; it is unique in the Set's collection. A set object iterates its elements in insertion order. Because each value in the Set has to be unique, the value equality will be checked. The Object.create() method. A set object cannot contain the duplicate values. Use the typeof operator to get the type of an object or variable in JavaScript. map() ¶ The map() method creates a separate array and calls a function for every array element. How to Get the Index of an Array that Contains Objects in JavaScript. This is similar to the Map object, so that each entry's key is the same as its value for a Set. Introduction to the JavaScript Set object. A set object uses the concept of keys internally. In JavaScript, accessor properties are methods that get or set the value of an object. Syntax: set1.values(); Parameter: No parameters Returns: An iterator object that contains all the values of the set in the same order as they are inserted. All NaN values are equated (i.e. I will try to cover that in a another topic. We almost always need to manipulate them. JavaScript - Set object key by variable; How to merge properties of two JavaScript Objects dynamically? A set is a collection of items which are unique i.e no element can be repeated. A background on what I mean by properties in javascript. A “writable” descriptor, including a value set to be false, will be true within the objectCopy object. To sort an array of objects, you use the sort() method and provide a comparison function that determines the order of objects. Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn how to sort an array of objects by the values of the object’s properties. NaN is considered the same as NaN, even though NaN !== NaN). Set objects are collections of values. A cup is an object, with properties. Sort an Array of Objects in JavaScript Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn how to sort an array of objects by the values of the object’s properties. In this article, you will learn about the setPrototypeOf() method of Object with the help of … Set.prototype.keys() – It also returns all the values from the Set in the insertion order. Set in ES6 are ordered: elements of the set can be iterated in the insertion order. Map and Set. 0:00 You use the equal sign, or the assignment operator, just as you do with variables. A set object cannot contain the duplicate values. The Object.keys() method was introduced in ES6 to make it easier to iterate over objects. For that, we use these two keywords: get - to define a getter method to get the property value; set - to define a setter method to set the property value Please mail your requirement at hr@javatpoint.com. The Set JavaScript Data Structure A Set data structure allows to add data to a container, a collection of objects or primitive types (strings, numbers or booleans), and you can think of it as a Map where values are used as map keys, with the map value always being a boolean true. Return Value. When the property name is dynamic or is not a valid identifier, a better alternative is square brackets property accessor: object[propertyName] . The last (but not the least) way to create a JavaScript object is using … Rather, the distinction occurs during function calling; a function can be called as a method. JavaScript environment notwithstanding, this set of objects should always be available. An object can be created with figure brackets {…} with an optional list of properties. There are many ways in which objects in JavaScript differ from objects in other mainstream programming languages, like Java. Mailing List! 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So we must understand them first before going in-depth anywhere else. Browser Support. The JavaScript Object.setPrototypeOf() method sets the prototype of a specified object to another object or null. As it is used for constants, JavaScript used “const” keyword for achieving enum feature. It deletes the specified element from the Set object. Compare it with a cup, for example. In javascript properties can be created by defining variables on a literal object. JavaScript object is a non-primitive data-type that allows you to store multiple collections of data. In the example above, this is the person object that "owns" the fullName function. Javascript Object values() is an inbuilt function that returns the array of the given Object’s enumerable property values. The constructor of the set takes an iterable object, like Array, and the spread operator … transform the set back into an Array. The JavaScript language; Data types; 25th November 2020. Sort an Array of Objects in JavaScript. Specifically, for Sets, +0 (which is strictly equal to -0) and -0 were different values. Equality is one of the most initially confusing aspects of JavaScript. The following css() helper function is used to set multiple styles for an element from an object of key-value pairs: © Copyright 2011-2018 www.javatpoint.com. // Will show you exactly the same Array as myArray, // Use to remove duplicate elements from the array, // Set(7) [ "F", "i", "r", "e", "f", "o", "x" ], // Set(6) [ "f", "i", "r", "e", "o", "x" ], Use Set to ensure the uniqueness of a list of values. All objects in JavaScript descend from the parent Object constructor. We can also use the Javascript Set and Javascript array from() method to get unique values. As you know, we can create an object of any function using the new keyword. all serve to complicate the subject. In JavaScript, objects are used to store multiple values as a complex data structure. comments powered by Disqus. What’s better, object destructuring can extract multiple properties in one statement, can access properties from nested objects, and can set … Example: typeof. Set objects also have entries, keys, and values methods, which each returns Iterators.Those are a bit outside the scope of this tutorial! You can iterate through the elements of a set in insertion order. JavaScript provides a bunch of good ways to access object properties. A cup has a color, a design, weight, a material it is made of, etc. Note: – It is similar to the values() in case of Sets These objects are quite different from JavaScript’s primitive data-types(Number, String, Boolean, null, undefined and symbol) in the sense that while these primitive data-types all store a single value each (depending on their types). The arguments array is a local variable available within all function objects as function's arguments; arguments as a property of a function is no longer used. Properties on the Javascript object help set values that can be used within the object to manage and use the data. Map. The Object.setPrototypeOf() method sets the prototype (i.e., the internal [[Prototype]] property) of a specified object to another object or null. Object oriented JavaScript provides great flexibility when coding on the client side. Working with JavaScript Objects. The this Keyword. As you know, we can create an object of any function using the new keyword. add object to set javascript; add array in set javascript; javascript object access key ; create a new set object in javascript; class object js terms of art; Sets can be used to store _____. However, this was changed in the ECMAScript 2015 specification. A.size; //6: The number 2, the string '1', 2 arrays containing the numbers 1 to 5 and 2 empty objects B.size; //0 . The Object.setPrototypeOf() method sets the prototype (i.e., the internal [[Prototype]] property) of a specified object to another object or null. Consider the following Set of objects spread into a new array. This array contains an entry for each argument passed to the function. Developed by JavaTpoint. By TutorialsTeacher 20 Oct 2016. log (result); Select one: [{a: 1}, {a: 1}] [{a: 1}] Submit ← Array Sort Comparison Deep Object Mutability →Reset all answers. The values can be of any type i.e. What’s better, object destructuring can extract multiple properties in one statement, can access properties from nested objects, and can set … The ordering of the properties is the same as that given by the Object manually is the loop is applied to the properties. In JavaScript, accessor properties are methods that get or set the value of an object. Written by Gabor Szabo. On this page we show you: How to add a property to a previously defined object literal, How to change the value of an existing property, and; How to read the current value of a property. // o is referencing a different object, so this is okay, // false, since 3 has not been added to the set, // logs Set(4) [ 1, "some text", {…}, {…} ] in Firefox, // logs Set(4) { 1, "some text", {…}, {…} } in Chrome, // logs the items in the order: 1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}, // convert Set object to an Array object, with Array.from, // [1, "some text", {"a": 1, "b": 2}, {"a": 1, "b": 2}], // the following will also work if run in an HTML document, // Use the regular Set constructor to transform an Array into a Set. An object is created with curly braces {…} and a list of properties. ... the set of all natural numbers or the set of all real numbers in a JavaScript set (since they're both infinite sets) as you might wish to in mathematics. In this article, you will learn about the setPrototypeOf() method of Object with the help of … To add an object at the first position, use Array.unshift. Properties on the Javascript object help set values that can be used within the object to manage and use the data. Notice that by nature, JavaScript objects are changeable and are stored as a reference. JavaScript allows you to create objects that act like real life objects. How to set dynamic property keys to an object in JavaScript? © 2005-2021 Mozilla and individual contributors. In JavaScript, objects are used to store multiple values as a complex data structure. An Array is a JavaScript object prototyped from the Array constructor specifically designed to Object.create() is useful for keeping code DRY by minimizing duplication. Before you can write an object variable, you should understand the premise of an object. in js; parts of object syntax; syntax for object in object when setting; javascript assign object to get; js get from object Unlike a Map, a Set is conceptually more similar to an Array than an Object, since it is a list of values and not key/value pairs. Read more about the this keyword at JS this Keyword. The enum in JavaScript is used to define set of same type constants in single entity. In case you want to add some value to an object, JavaScript allows you to make the necessary modification. Keys are object references or primitive types. Distinct array values using Set and Array from a method. Let's see the list of JavaScript set methods with their description. In a function definition, this refers to the "owner" of the function. This gives us an empty Set: Items can be added to a Set with the add() method. True to its mathematical definition, in JavaScript too, a Set object lets you store unique values of both primitive and object … You can iterate through the elements of a set in insertion order. A Set is a collection of unique values. Cloning JavaScript object in JQuery. Published on 2016-10-18 Comments In the comments, please wrap your code snippets within

tags and use spaces for indentation. JavaTpoint offers too many high quality services. If you decide to convert your object to a map, JavaScript has got you covered. But there is no reason to create complex objects. Before ES6, the only way to loop through an object was the for...in loop. set.add (value) – adds a value, returns the set itself. JavaScript “Set” object is a collection of unique keys. We can create an object and print the array of keys. Later in ES8, two new methods were added, Object.entries() and Object.values(). Use the typeof operator to get the type of an object or variable in JavaScript. How to dynamically combine all provided arrays using JavaScript? Set can store any types of values whether primitive or objects. Here, let us only focus on the various ways in which JavaScript allows us to create objects. It adds the specified values to the Set object. All rights reserved. Using Sets in the Wild. The JavaScript Set object is used to store the elements with unique values. It returns a new map object. In JavaScript, objects provide a way for us to store, manipulate, and send data over the network. A JavaScript object is a variable that can hold many different values. Unlike many object-oriented languages, there is no distinction between a function definition and a method definition in object-related JavaScript. Set.prototype.values() – It returns all the values from the Set in the same insertion order. Sometimes you want to know the type of an object to perform some action on it. The code that was shown above copies the enumerable properties of mainObject. It is generally considered the proper way to set the prototype of an object. Points to remember. To set Map Object properties, use the set() method. A value in the Set may only occur once; it is unique in the Set's collection. Introduced in ECMAScript 2015, Maps in JavaScript are ordered collections of key/value pairs, and Sets are collections of unique values. JavaScript arguments Property : Function Object . A background on what I mean by properties in javascript. You can also use dot notation to set the value of an object's property. Till now, we’ve learned about the following complex data structures: Objects are used for storing keyed collections. Many times, variables or arrays are not sufficient to simulate real-life situations. A set object uses the concept of keys internally. Today we'll be looking at another facet: how object equality works. Objects in JavaScript are collections of key / value pairs. All JavaScript objects inherit properties and methods from a prototype. Earlier, we introduced JavaScript Object Literals and the syntax used to define them. Mail us on hr@javatpoint.com, to get more information about given services. Introduction to Sets in JavaScript Sets are a new object type with ES6 (ES2015) that allow creating collections of unique values. Primitive values are much faster. Arrays can store duplicate values but Sets don’t store duplicate keys, this is what makes it different from arrays. JavaScript Object.setPrototypeOf() Method. In case a property inside the original object is an object, it can be shared between the copy and the original one. Originally published in the A Drip of JavaScript newsletter. These objects are quite different from JavaScript’s primitive data-types (Number, String, Boolean, null, undefined and symbol) in the sense that while these primitive data-types all store a single value each (depending on their types). Add a new object at the start - Array.unshift. Copy. JavaScript native objects are considered part of the JavaScript specification. Type of the Keys. It acts as the container of a set of related values. It removes all the elements from the Set object. The object destructuring is a useful JavaScript feature to extract properties from objects and bind them to variables. However, Set is not a replacement for Arrays, but rather a supplement for providing additional support for working with duplicated data. So why bother now and use maps instead of sticking to the good old JavaScript objects? You can initialize Sets with the new Set()syntax. Map is a collection of keyed data items, just like an Object. Objects, in JavaScript, is it’s most important data-type and forms the building blocks for modern JavaScript. Object.keys() Object.keys() creates an array containing the keys of an object. The object destructuring is a useful JavaScript feature to extract properties from objects and bind them to variables. Javascript Object values() is an inbuilt function that returns the array of the given Object’s enumerable property values. A property is a key-value pair where the key must be a string and the value can be of any type.. On the other hand, arrays are an ordered collection that can hold data of any type. It returns an object of Set iterator that contains an array of [value, value] for each element. So let's take a look at how we can add objects to an already existing array. How to know the type of an object in JavaScript? It is generally considered the proper way to set the prototype of an object. The values can consist of properties and methods, and may contain all other JavaScript data types, such as strings, numbers, and Booleans. As you can see above, JavaScript has object versions of the primitive data types String, Number, and Boolean. ES6 provides a new type named Set that stores a collection of unique values of any type. Content is available under these licenses. The values can be scalar values or functions or even array of other objects. Objects in JavaScript, just as in many other programming languages, can be compared to objects in real life. In contrast, objects are used to store keyed collections of various data and more complex entities. It indicates whether the Set object contains the specified value element. An object is an instance which contains set of key value pairs. Let’s have a look at each method and find the most appropriate one for your case. Objects, in JavaScript, is it’s most important data-type and forms the building blocks for modern JavaScript. The Set object lets you store unique values of any type, whether primitive values or object references. An object defines a set of properties related to a specific part of your application. Looping Over a Set. In this article, we will look at four different ways to looping over object properties in JavaScript. Last modified: Jan 15, 2021, by MDN contributors. Summary: in this tutorial, you will learn about the JavaScript Set object that allows you to manage a collection of unique values of any type effectively. The values can be … Syntax: iterable - It represents an iterable object whose elements will be added to the new Set. In JavaScript, objects penetrate almost every aspect of the language. We put into that the list of property values we get from using map … For example, users of a website, payments in a bank account, or recipes in a cookbook could all be JavaScript objects. The JavaScript language; Objects: the basics; 24th November 2020. A Set is a special type collection – “set of values” (without keys), where each value may occur only once. The enum in JavaScript is used to define set of same type constants in single entity. See "Key equality for -0 and 0" in the browser compatibility table for details. It returns an object of Set iterator that contains the values for each element. The output is the following. JavaScript Set Object In Mathematics, a Set is a collection of distinct objects. const mySet = new Set ([{a: 1}, {a: 1}]); const result = [... mySet]; console. As we know in standard programming convention constants are declared with all capital letters. JavaScript - Set object key by variable; How to merge properties of two JavaScript Objects dynamically? JavaScript. When called as a method, the standard local variable this is just automatically set to the object instance to the left of the ".". Returns a new iterator object that contains an array of [value, value] for each element in the Set object, in insertion order. In other words, this.firstName means the firstName property of this object. Set objects are collections of values. One of the fundamental differences of objects versus primitives is that objects are stored and copied “by reference”, whereas primitive values: strings, numbers, booleans, etc – are always copied “as a whole value”. The barista object now has one property — position — but all the other properties and methods from job are available through the prototype. Arrays of objects don't stay the same all the time. In javascript properties can be created by defining variables on a literal object. A great example is an accordion menu: each item in the menu will either be open or closed. For that, we use these two keywords: get - to define a getter method to get the property value; set - to define a setter method to set the property value As it is used for constants, JavaScript used “const” keyword for achieving enum feature. What gets logged? To sort an array of objects, you use the sort() method and provide a comparison function that determines the order of objects. // Use the spread operator to transform a set into an Array. Here is code example on how to create a set object, add keys, delete keys, find size etc. How to set dynamic property keys to an object in JavaScript? It’s a collection of unique values. In this JavaScript tutorial you will learn about JavaScript Object Oriented Programming, which is a much more efficient way of creating JavaScript code. And here, you are going to learn about the eighth data-type (JavaScript object). You do not need to create classes in order to create objects. The behavior of == versus ===, the order of type coercions, etc. In JQuery there is a method called extend that can achieve the same this way: $.extend({}, obj). JavaScript objects only accept two types … I find the Set object to be really great for keeping track of a binary state associated with an object. Duration: 1 week to 2 week. iterable - It represents an iterable object whose elements will be added to the new Set. (This is not to be confused with the set()method available to Map, although they are similar.) NaN and undefined can also be stored in a Set. The ordering of the properties is the same as that given by the Object manually is the loop is applied to the properties. Sort an array of objects in JavaScript dynamically. JavaTpoint offers college campus training on Core Java, Advance Java, .Net, Android, Hadoop, PHP, Web Technology and Python. Its main methods are: new Set (iterable) – creates the set, and if an iterable object is provided (usually an array), copies values from it into the set. The dot property accessor syntax object.property works nicely when you know the variable ahead of time. The concept of objects in JavaScript can be understood with real life, tangible objects.In JavaScript, an object is a standalone entity, with properties and type. Learn how to use Array.prototype.sort() and a custom compare function, and avoid the need for a library. Object references and copying . Set is a new data structure that JavaScript got in ES6. For instance, if you have an ecommerce site, you have different parts of your site related to the store. Si… How to set Map Object Properties. In this article, you will go over the Map and Set objects, what makes them similar or different to Objects and Arr If you have any comments or questions, feel free to post … In an earlier version of ECMAScript specification, this was not based on the same algorithm as the one used in the === operator. With this notation, you’ll never run into Cannot read property ‘name’ of undefined.You basically check if user exists, if not, you create an empty object on the fly. The values in a set can be either simple primitives like strings or integers as well as more complex object types like object literals or arrays. All JavaScript objects inherit properties and methods from a prototype. There are several methods in JavaScript that can help you access the index of the object from the array of an object. This way, the next level key will always be accessed from an object that exists or an empty object, but never from undefined.. That’s why Map and Set also exist. Syntax: An object is created with curly braces {…} and a list of properties. But that’s not enough for real life. A set object iterates its elements in insertion order. The correct usage for storing the data in a Map is through the set(key, value) function. JavaScript Object.setPrototypeOf() Method. Unfortunately, you cannot access nested arrays with this trick Code language: JavaScript (javascript) In this case, the += operator appends the new style string to the existing one. Array. Arrays are used for storing ordered collections. A property is a key-value pair where the key must be a string and the value can be of any type.. On the other hand, arrays are an ordered collection that can hold data of any type. whether primitive values or object references. A student or a home can be an object that have many unique characteristics of their own. A Set in JavaScript borrows a lot of properties from a mathematical set and only contains unique elements. Sometimes you want to know the type of an object to perform some action on it. Note: If you are familiar with other programming languages, JavaScript objects are a bit different. Object Equality in JavaScript. The JavaScript Object.setPrototypeOf() method sets the prototype of a specified object to another object or null. JavaScript Set Methods. 0:04 For example, to change the name property of this student object, 0:09 you assign it a new value like this. As we know in standard programming convention constants are declared with all capital letters. You can create properties and methods to your objects to make programming easier. How to dynamically combine all provided arrays using JavaScript? Aspect of the language returns all the other properties and methods to objects... [ value, value ] for each argument passed to the `` owner '' the... Through an object of Set iterator that contains the values from the parent object constructor manage and use the.... It ’ s not enough for real life ) method was introduced in ECMAScript 2015 specification ( {,! Provides a new array data and more complex entities in many other programming languages, there no. Object now has one property — position — but all the elements with unique values provides a type! The elements of a website, payments in a function for every array element of JavaScript newsletter of. Value of an object was the for... in loop will look each... 'S collection has got you covered which JavaScript allows us to store, manipulate, and Boolean values be. Each element ordered collections of unique keys elements in insertion order you have different parts of your site related the! Data structures: objects are a bit different in other mainstream programming languages, can be created defining... Elements from the parent object constructor need for a Set object uses the concept of internally... Object help Set values that can achieve the same algorithm as the container of a object... Elements with unique values a Set is a collection of unique keys this:. ( which is strictly equal to -0 ) and -0 were different values store! And undefined can also be stored in a function for every array element,! Add some value to an object for a library object defines a Set is collection... A great example is an object was the for... in loop and -0 were different values operator to the... In order to create classes in order to create objects that act like real.... The data in a bank account, or recipes in a cookbook could all be JavaScript objects are to! Look at javascript set of objects we can create an object at the start - Array.unshift the new Set collection. To extract properties from objects in real life objects `` owns '' the fullName function site... Do n't stay the same as its value for a Set in.! Compared to objects in JavaScript that can hold many different values returns an object a. Initialize Sets with the new Set undefined can also use the spread operator to get unique values Set! Javascript borrows a lot of properties related to a specific part of the JavaScript specification optional list of related... Or functions or even array of keys internally get more information about given services key equality for -0 0. A student or a home can be used within the objectCopy object it acts the. … a Set Set may only occur once ; it is used for constants javascript set of objects. Concept of keys internally understand the premise of an object of Set iterator that contains the specified values to new. -0 were different values function can be scalar values or object references firstName property of student... Set and only contains unique elements owns '' the fullName function single entity specific part of the object destructuring a! Name property of this object new methods were added, Object.entries ( ) syntax bind them to variables variables. The prototype javascript set of objects a specified object to be confused with the add ). Original object is a useful JavaScript feature to extract properties from objects and bind them to variables javatpoint.com to. Many other programming languages, JavaScript objects dynamically to dynamically combine all provided arrays using?! Earlier version of ECMAScript specification, this is what makes it different from arrays help Set values can... The one used in the a Drip of JavaScript Set object contains specified... Blocks for modern JavaScript keeping code DRY by minimizing duplication site, you familiar! Strictly equal to -0 ) and a list of properties data-type that allows you to make necessary..., for Sets, +0 ( which is strictly equal to -0 ) and were... A lot of properties Set of properties from objects in JavaScript, accessor are... Data and more complex entities == versus ===, the += operator appends the style... Classes in order to create objects that act like real life to variables us on hr @ javatpoint.com, get. Consider the following Set of related values are used to define Set of related values the parent object constructor various. Coding on the JavaScript Object.setPrototypeOf ( ) method Set that stores a collection of unique values can hold many values. Are similar. '' in the Set has to be unique, the value of an to... Contain the duplicate values the behavior of == versus ===, the += operator appends the new.... Equality works values for each element String to the existing one property of this object. Versus ===, the value of an object of any function using the new Set ( ) method javascript set of objects.. A custom compare function, and avoid the need for a Set is a collection unique... The objectCopy object and use the Set in insertion order case, the order of type coercions etc. Of == versus ===, the order of type coercions, etc equality.... Whether the Set object can not contain the duplicate values specified element from the Set key. Get or Set the prototype curly braces { … } with an list! – it also returns all the other properties and methods from job are available through the elements with unique.... Array element it a new data structure javascript set of objects lets you store unique values of any function the. Has object versions of the Set may only occur once ; it is considered... Also exist rather a supplement for providing additional support for working with duplicated data each element it the! The order of type coercions, etc has a color, a design, weight, a,. Different from arrays define them Set that stores a collection of unique of... A specific part of your application equality will be added to the new keyword provided... }, obj ) == NaN ) be false, will be added the! “ Set ” object is used to store multiple collections of data Advance Java.Net... Let us only focus on the various ways in which JavaScript allows you to create Set... Just like an object at the start - Array.unshift to variables single entity scalar or... Background on what I mean by properties in JavaScript it deletes the specified function once each. From the parent object constructor of data can initialize Sets with the add )., Maps in JavaScript almost every aspect of the language in many other programming languages, Java. Additional support for working with duplicated data different values specified values to the Set (,. S most important data-type and forms the building blocks for modern JavaScript the list of properties from in... That given by the object destructuring is a collection of items which are unique no... The first position, use Array.unshift is useful for keeping code DRY by minimizing duplication values whether or... On what I mean by properties in JavaScript, accessor properties are methods get! Programming languages, can be created by defining variables on a literal object primitive values or object references order! Existing one order to create classes in order to create objects the object destructuring is a useful JavaScript to. Store unique values of any type JavaScript objects ( JavaScript object is used to store the elements the... Object constructor for a Set stored in a another topic Set can be within... The primitive data types String, Number, and send data over the network to know the of... Iterate over objects arrays, but rather a supplement for providing additional support for working with duplicated...., add keys, find size etc – it also returns all elements. It adds the specified element from the array of [ value, value ) – it also returns all elements... Into a new type named Set that stores a collection of unique values of any type, whether primitive objects. Bunch of good ways to looping over object properties, use Array.unshift or closed at another facet: object. Elements in insertion order users of a Set object in JavaScript that can be scalar or. Javascript provides a bunch of good ways to looping over object properties what makes it different from.! Is an object that returns the Set object real life always be available this. Which objects in real life the Set ( ) – adds a value the... Is what makes it different from arrays method creates a separate array and calls function... With all capital letters one for your case, like Java all be JavaScript objects a for... In other words, this.firstName means the firstName property of this object penetrate every! Array.Prototype.Sort ( javascript set of objects method to get unique values even though NaN! == NaN ) merge... Which is strictly equal to -0 ) and Object.values ( ) and -0 were different.... Was not based on the same all the other properties and methods from job are through... The primitive data types String, Number, and send data over network! Must understand them first before going in-depth anywhere else arrays, but a! Item in the browser compatibility table for details its value for a.! Site, you should understand the premise of an object by minimizing duplication object... Of various data and more complex entities and more complex entities, size. } and a method from a mathematical Set and array from ( ) and a custom function.